Background bands mark who was president. They are not an attribution of cause. Presidents do not solely control these metrics. Monthly points use the president in office on the first day of the month. Calendar year points use the president in office on July 1. Fiscal year points use the president in office on October 1, the first day of that fiscal year. A fiscal year runs through the following September 30 and can include two presidents.

Total Public Debt Outstanding

Units: Dollars, nominal. Nominal. not applicable.

Month value is the last Debt to the Penny record in that calendar month.

Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury, Bureau of the Fiscal Service, Debt to the Penny. Retrieved 2026-10-19. Series: fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/debt-to-the-penny/debt-to-the-penny

Debt Held by the Public

Units: Dollars, nominal. Nominal. not applicable.

Month value is the last Debt to the Penny record in that calendar month.

Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury, Bureau of the Fiscal Service, Debt to the Penny. Retrieved 2026-10-19. Series: fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/debt-to-the-penny/debt-to-the-penny

Intragovernmental Holdings

Units: Dollars, nominal. Nominal. not applicable.

Month value is the last Debt to the Penny record in that calendar month.

Source: U.S. Department of the Treasury, Bureau of the Fiscal Service, Debt to the Penny. Retrieved 2026-10-19. Series: fiscaldata.treasury.gov/datasets/debt-to-the-penny/debt-to-the-penny