Background bands mark who was president. They are not an attribution of cause. Presidents do not solely control these metrics. Monthly points use the president in office on the first day of the month. Calendar year points use the president in office on July 1. Fiscal year points use the president in office on October 1, the first day of that fiscal year. A fiscal year runs through the following September 30 and can include two presidents.

12-month percent change

Units: Percent. Percent change. not seasonally adjusted.

Computed as (index this month / index 12 months earlier - 1) x 100. Rounded half up to 3 decimals. Not a separately published BLS percent series.

Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, All items in U.S. city average, all urban consumers, not seasonally adjusted. Retrieved 2026-10-19. Series: data.bls.gov/timeseries/CUUR0000SA0